This rigorous course has been designed especially for the undergraduates, research scholars and foresters, which focuses on plant Taxonomy and Systematics. It deals with the science of classification, enables us to know the heritage and details of a plants deeply, avoiding the confusion and duplication of plant names. To fully appreciate the importance of plant classification, you need to know how Plant-taxonomy works.
Contents,
Ch-1 PLANTS, TAXONOMY AND SYSTEMATICS
PLANTS AND KINGDOM OF LIFE: Two Kingdom System, Two Empires Three Kingdoms, Five Kingdom System, Six or Seven Kingdoms?, The Plant Kingdom
TAXONOMY & SYSTEMATICS: Basic Components (Principles) of Systematics, Aims of Systematics, Advancement Levels in Systematics
Click to startCh-2 BOTANICAL NOMENCLATURE
NEED FOR SCIENTIFIC NAMES: Why Latin?
DEVELOPMENT OF BOTANICAL CODE
CONTENTS OF BOTANICAL CODE: Preamble; Principles of ICBN; Names of Taxa
The Type Method; Author Citation; Publication of Names; Rejection of Names
Principle of Priority; Names of Hybrids; Names of Cultivated Plants
UNIFIED BIOLOGICAL NOMENCLATURE: Draft BioCode; PhyloCode
Click to startCh-3 HIERARCHICAL CLASSIFICATION
TAXONOMIC GROUPS, CATEGORIES & RANKS
UTILIZATION OF CATEGORIES: Species concept, Infraspecific ranks; Genus; Family Click to start
Ch-4 DESCRIPTIVE TERMINOLOGY
HABIT AND LIFE SPAN
HABITAT
ROOTS
STEMS
LEAVES: Leaf arrangement; Leaf duration; Leaf incision; Stipules; Leaf shape; Leaf margin Leaf base; Leaf apex; Leaf surface; Venation
INFLORESCENCE: Racemose types; Cymose types; Specialized types FLOWER: Calyx; Corolla; Perianth; Androecium; Gynoecium FRUIT: Simple fruits; Aggregate fruits; Multiple fruits FLORAL FORMULA FLORAL DIAGRAM
Click to startCh-5 process of identification
SPECIMEN PREPARATION: Fieldwork, Equipment, Collection, Pressing, Handling special groups, Drying HERBARIUM METHODS: Botanical gardens, Herbaria, Pest Control, Virtual herbarium 106 IDENTIFICATION METHODS: Taxonomic Literature, Taxonomic keys, Computers in identification, Interactive keys Id.
Click to startCh-6 BIOSYSTEMATICS, GENETICS & EVOLUTION
TYPES OF VARIATION: Developmental variation, Environmental variation, Genetic variation VARIANCE ANALYSIS REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS: Outbreeding, Inbreeding, Apomixis POPULATION GENETICS: Allele frequencies, Mating systems, Hardy-Weinberg law EVOLUTION: Mutation, Migration, Random genetic drift, Natural selection, Molecular evolution, Neutral theory of evolution, Speciation
Click to startCh-7 TAXONOMIC EVIDENCE
MORPHOLOGY: Habit, Underground parts, Leaves, Flowers, Fruits ANATOMY: Wood anatomy, Trichomes, Epidermal features, Leaf anatomy, Floral anatomy EMBRYOLOGY: Families marked out by distinct embryological features, Specific examples of the role of embryological data, Palynology, Pollen aggregation, Pollen wall, Pollen aperture MICROMORPHOLOGY AND ULTRASTRUCTURE: Micromorphology, Ultrastructure CHROMOSOMES: Chromosomal number, Chromosomal structure, Chromosomal behaviour CHEMOTAXONOMY: Primary metabolites, Secondary metabolites, Non-semantide Macromolecules, Proteins MOLECULAR SYSTEMATICS: Molecular evolution, Location of molecular data, Molecular techniques, DNA polymorphism, Examples of molecular studies, Gene trees
Click to startCh-8 DEVELOPING CLASSIFICATIONS
PHENETIC METHODS: Principles of taxometrics CLADISTIC METHODS: Phylogenetic terms, Phylogenetic diagrams, Phylogeny and classification PHYLOGENETIC DATA ANALYSIS: Taxa-Operational Units, Characters, Measure of similarity, Construction of trees, The Consensus tree, Automated trees, Gene trees and species trees, Developing classification
Click to startCh-9 PHYLOGENY OF ANGIOSPERMS
ORIGIN OF ANGIOSPERMS: What are Angiosperms?, What is the age of Angiosperms?, What is the place of their origin? Are angiosperms monophyletic or polyphyletic? What are the possible ancestors? Origin of monocotyledons BASAL LIVING ANGIOSPERMS: Casuarinaceae, Magnoliids, Paleoherbs, EVOLUTIONARY TRENDS: Coevolution with animals, Basic evolutionary trends, Xylem evolution, Stamen evolution, Pollen grain evolution, Carpel evolution, Evolution of inferior ovary
Click to startCh-10 SYSTEMS OF CLASSIFICATION
CLASSIFICATIONS BASED ON GROSS MORPHOLOGY: Preliterate mankind, Early literate civilisations, Medieval Botany, Renaissance SEXUAL SYSTEM: Carolus Linnaeus NATURAL SYSTEMS: Michel Adanson, Jean B. P. Lamarck, de Jussieu family, de Candolle family, Robert Brown, George Bentham and Sir J. D. Hooker PHYLOGENETIC SYSTEMS: Transitional Systems, Intentional phylogenetic systems, Modern phylogenetic systems
Click to startCh-11 FAMILIES OF PTERIDOPHYTES
Lycopodiophytes: Lycopodiaceae, Selaginellaceae, Isoetaceae Psilopsida: Ophioglossaceae, Psilotaceae Equisetopsida: Equisetaceae Pteropsida: Osmundaceae, Marsileaceae, Salviniaceae, Cyatheaceae, Pteridaceae, Aspleniaceae, Dryopteridaceae, Polypodiaceae
Click to startCh-12 FAMILIES OF GYMNOSPERMS
Cycadales: Cycadaceae, Zamiaceae Ginkgoales: Ginkgoaceae Coniferales: Pinaceae, Cupressaceae, Podocarpaceae, Araucariaceae, Taxaceae, Gnetales: Ephedraceae, Gnetaceae
Click to startCh-13 MAJOR FAMILIES OF ANGIOSPERMS
Angiosperms roll of honour Chloranthidae: Amborellaceae, Chloranthaceae, Austrobaileyaceae, Winteraceae Illiciaceae, Cabombaceae, Nymphaeaceae, Ceratophyllaceae
Magnoliidae: Magnoliaceae, Degeneriaceae, Annonaceae, Calycanthaceae, Lauraceae, Winteraceae, Saururaceae, Piperaceae
Alismatidae: Acoraceae, Araceae, Butomaceae, Alismataceae, Hydrocharitaceae, Potamogetonaceae
Liliidae: Pandanaceae, Dioscoreaceae, Smilacaceae, Liliaceae, Orchidaceae, Iridaceae, Asphodelaceae, Alliaceae, Subfamily, Agavaceae
Commelinidae: Arecaceae, Commelinaceae, Musaceae, Zingiberaceae, Cannaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae
Ranunculidae: Paeoniaceae, Berberidaceae, Ranunculaceae, Papaveraceae
Hamamelididae: Saxifragaceae, Fagaceae, Betulaceae, Casuarinaceae
Caryophyllidae: Portulacaceae, Cactaceae, Nyctaginaceae, Aizoaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Amaranthaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Polygonaceae, Droseraceae
Rosidae: Celastraceae, Violaceae, Salicaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Clusiaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Oxalidaceae, Zygophyllaceae, Geraniaceae, Rosaceae, Fabaceae, Myrtaceae, Contents, Lythraceae Onagraceae
Malvidae: Malvaceae, Grewiaceae, Dipterocarpaceae, Rhamnaceae, Ulmaceae, Moraceae, Urticaceae, Rafflesiaceae, Capparaceae, Cleomaceae, Brassicaceae, Rutaceae, Meliaceae, Anacardiaceae, Sapindaceae
Asteridae: Hydrangeaceae, Cornaceae, Balsaminaceae, Polemoniaceae, Ebenaceae, Sapotaceae, Primulaceae, Ericaceae, Adoxaceae, Apiaceae, Araliaceae, Asteraceae
Lamiidae: Solanaceae, Convolvulaceae, Boraginaceae, Rubiaceae, Apocynaceae, Plantaginaceae, Lamiaceae, Verbenaceae, Bignoniaceae, Acanthaceae, Scrophulariaceae,
Click to startCh-14 IMPORTANT TERMS
Important terms with meanings in english
Click to startCh-15 QUIZ
Multiple Choice Questions:25, Maximum Time Allowed: 90 Minutes, Each question carries 4 Marks
Click to start
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